What Arenal’s words give us is just that: hopeful attempts to escape the multiple prisons that surround us with the consolation of culture, with access to a way of humanity, to an emancipated life based on the training and professionalisation of women, which managed to save many female prisoners and made not only their stay in prison, but their entire lives, lighter and more passable.
the approach to such abuses remains strongly gendered, implying that females are the only victims. Yet, epidemiological data shows that males represent nearly a quarter of all victims of intimate partner violence. The mechanism of violence is the same regardless of the sex of the perpetrator. The physical and psychological repercussions for the victims are identical. Approaching this issue as domestic violence rather than gender-based violence would lead to better recognition and more appropriate care for victims.
A holistic, evolutionary framework about human cooperation must incorporate information about women’s cooperative behaviour. Yet, most empirical research on human cooperation has centered on men’s behaviour or been derived from experimental studies conducted in western, industrialized populations.
Differences between men and women have intrigued generations of social scientists, who have found that the two sexes behave differently in settings requiring competition, risk taking, altruism, honesty, as well as many others. Yet, little is known about whether there are gender differences in cooperative behavior. Previous evidence is mixed and inconclusive.
Do men and women differ systematically in their cooperation behaviors? Researchers have long grappled with this question, and studies have returned equivocal results.
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